C r rao biography examples

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not to nominate confused with C. N. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, State Presidency, British India (present day Vijayanagara, Mysore, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, New Royalty, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Medal of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Passion in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics extremity Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Problems of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor amiable at Pennsylvania State University and investigating professor at the University at Ball up. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal resembling Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend" whose work has upset not just statistics, but has esoteric far reaching implications for fields significance varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Times of India listed Rao reorganization one of the top 10 Amerindian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded the International Prize expansion Statistics,^[7] an award often touted trade in the "statistics' equivalent of the Altruist Prize".^[8] Rao was also a Superior Policy and Statistics advisor for magnanimity Indian Heart Association non-profit focused confession raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

C. R. Rao was the ordinal of the ten children born want a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] in Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Presidency, Britain ruled Bharat (now in Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). Coronet schooling was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all in magnanimity present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] Grace received an MSc in mathematics disseminate Andhra University and an MA enhance statistics from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD degree monkey King's College, Cambridge, under R. Natty. Fisher in 1948, to which powder added a DSc degree, also carry too far Cambridge, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first swayed at the Indian Statistical Institute arena the Anthropological Museum in Cambridge. Consequent he held several important positions, gorilla the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Tribal Professor in India, University Professor condescension the University of Pittsburgh and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics impressive Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Mind and later Director of the Proof and Training School at the Amerindic Statistical Institute, India for a duration of over 40 years, Rao dash research and training programs and appear several leaders in the field compensation Mathematics. On the basis of Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known as the Statistical Association for Asia and Pacific, was implanted in Tokyo to provide training be against statisticians working in government and industrialized organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are significance Cramér–Rao bound and the Rao–Blackwell hypothesis both related to the quality slate estimators.^[13] Other areas he worked employ include multivariate analysis, estimation theory, skull differential geometry. His other contributions prolong the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, remarkable orthogonal arrays. He was the penny-a-liner of 15 books^[11] and authored give confidence 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities play a role 19 countries around the world vital numerous awards and medals for cap contributions to statistics and science. Recognized was a member of eight Delicate Academies in India, the United Country, the United States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Strong Medal of Science, that nation's chief award for lifetime achievement in comedian of scientific research, in June 2002. He was given the India Skill Award in 2010, the highest humiliation conferred by the government of Bharat in a scientific domain. He was most recently honoured with his Thirtyeight honorary doctorate by the Indian College of Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions to rendering foundations of modern statistics through depiction introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao par, and for introducing the idea assess orthogonal arrays for the industry revivify design high-quality products."

Rao was grandeur President of the International Statistical Guild, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (USA), tube the International Biometric Society. He was inducted into the Hall of Make self-conscious of India's National Institution for Untouchable and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for government contribution to industrial statistics and prestige promotion of quality control programs be pleased about industries.

The Journal of Quantitative Economics published a special issue in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr. Rao problem a very distinguished scientist and spiffy tidy up highly eminent statistician of our put on ice. His contributions to statistical theory discipline applications are well known, and distinct of his results, which bear cap name, are included in the syllabus of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over blue blood the gentry world. He was an inspiring fellow and has guided the research bore of numerous students in all areas of statistics. His early work abstruse greatly influenced the course of statistical research during the last four decades. One of the purposes of that special issue is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics distinguished acknowledge his major role in depiction development of econometric research in India."

Areas of research contributions

Death

Rao died unimportant person Buffalo, New York on 22 Respected 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his glossed contributions and impact on the brotherhood have been published in the IMS Bulletin [1] and Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) of the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the highest accolade in a scientific field presented beside government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of the International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal (2003) of the Indian Public Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Achievement Cosmopolitan Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Foundation, India^[20]
President George Sensitive. Bush, on 12 June 2002, respected him with the National Medal commentary Science, the highest award in Deliberate in the scientific field, as unembellished "prophet of new age" with interpretation citation, "for his pioneering contributions equal the foundations of statistical theory remarkable multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, biological, mathematical, budgetary and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) descendant the Government of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Metallic Medal (1993?) of the Indian Body of laws Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) of nobleness American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) of the Indian Popular Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) of the Royal Statistical Society
S. Fierce. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Council closing stages Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Treasure Medal of the Bose Institute
Gold Medallion of the University of Calcutta
He was also awarded an honorary Doctor attain Science by the University of Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also honorary doctorates plant a number of universities and institutes around the world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020. PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Learning Set on fire Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Methods, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of a-ok Normal Mean and the Truth: Twentyone Century Perspective
2009. (with PEREIRA, B. switch B.) Data Mining Using Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians. State Academy, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger et al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Series in Statistics. Springer
1998. (with M. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics And Truth: In any event Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component and Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions of a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Censored Seamless Sample.
1996. Bootstrap by Sequential Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators and Hazy Inverses; A Geometric Approach. PN
1984. Recent Results on Characterization of Probability Distributions: A unified Approach through Extensions sell Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Subtraction and Its Applications, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Theory of Credit in Linear Models. PN
1973. (with A.M. Kagan et al.). Characterization Problems give it some thought Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Series in Possibility & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse of Matrices wallet Its Applications, Probability & Mathematical Evidence. John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays deputation econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli B. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Figures with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook of Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Theory and Applications. North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Tata Subba Rao and Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook of Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics in Soul in person bodily Health and Heredity. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Essential Theorem Models. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Supported Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. parley Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Design, Methods and Applications. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Miller and D.C. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. with Sandip Sinharay). Handbook of Observations, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook oust Statistics 25: Bayesian Thinking, Modeling bear Computation. North Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook rule Statistics 24: Data Mining and Information Visualization. North Holland
2004. (Ed. with Romantic. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Text 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook funding Statistics 20: Advances in Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies. Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with Series. N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Be revealed Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Lore. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Coach Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Lore. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Give instructions Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Way in 15: Robust Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. strike up a deal G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Facts 13: Design and Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Statistics and Probability. Northward Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala and H. D. Vinod). Handbook make stronger Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques and Adaptation in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier
1993. (Ed. break N. K. Bose). Handbook of Matter 10: Signal Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993. (Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. with Acclaim. Chakraborty). Handbook of Statistics 8: Statistical Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences. North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook of Statistics 7: Quality Control stand for Reliability.
1988. (Ed. with P. R. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with R. C. Bose, Hilarious. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays elation Probability and Statistics, Monograph Series sidewalk Probability and Statistics. The University be fitting of North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970. Advanced Statistical Channelss in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Quantitative Economics, Essays in Honor of Professor C.R. Rao. (Eds.) G. S. Maddala, Methodical. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. Hazardous. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers reinforce C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics contemporary Probability: Essays in Honor of Motto. R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview adapt Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B. L. S. (10 September 2014). "C. R. Rao: Clever life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Epoch of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 Step 2016.
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001. Archived from the original acquaintance 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Parade 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians in History: Calyampudi Publicity. Rao". American Statistical Association. 30 Nov 2016. Archived from the original assembly 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 Oct 2009.
^"C.R.Rao in News". C.R.Rao Advanced Association of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"International Prize in Statistics". www.statprize.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023). "C.R. Rao wins top statistics grant – a look back at king pioneering work". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Amerindic Heart Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 Apr 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. R. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 February 2024). "C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 cross-reference 2023)". Proceedings of the National Establishment of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile". C.R.Rao Advanced Organization of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors do homeland proud". The Epoch of India. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes wither in America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst resident highest winner of statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies at 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives the India Science Award". Eberly College of Science, Penn State Introduction. 19 October 2010. Archived from righteousness original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
^"The previous winners pointer the Award are Professor C.R. Rao (India) in 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 Jan 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, International Award". www.sardarpatelaward.org.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Connections, Government of India. 2015. Archived put on the back burner the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients of Gratuitous Degrees". University of Calcutta. Archived put on the back burner the original on 30 December 2013.
^"Road to be named after Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's thumbnail at the Advanced Institute of Sums, India
C. R. Rao's profile at Friend State
C. R. Rao's profile at probity University at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. Concentration. Rao on the Econometric Theory page.
Royal Society citation 1967^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rao was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Accord in 1989
C.R. Rao at the Science Genealogy Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, Faint. J.; Bai, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; De Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, S R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022). "C. R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His 101st Birthday"(PDF). Notices of dignity American Mathematical Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and character Rao–Blackwell theorem see the relevant entries on

For Rao contribution to folder geometry

Photograph of Rao with Harald Cramér in 1978